Real monthly closes · pick a monthly amount and a start date
The same total put in as a single lump sum on the first contribution date would be worth 1,331.76 today, against 1,290.75 for spreading it out monthly.
The same fixed amount is bought at every monthly closing price from your start date to the most recent close — no market timing, no skipped months. Units are fractional, so no rounding is applied, and the annualised figure treats the contributions as one lump sum at their dollar-weighted average age, which is an approximation rather than a true internal rate of return.
Price return only — dividends, interest, fees, spreads and taxes are excluded, and past performance says nothing about future returns. Where an asset trades in a currency other than the US dollar, the result is shown in that currency, so the number does not include any exchange-rate move.